Napoleon Buonaparte Essays - House Of Bonaparte, European People

Napoleon Buonaparte Napoleon Buonaparte was a military genius who, at the age of sixteen, gained the rank of lieutenant in the French Army. He overcame all of the criticism he received in the army became a great leader. Napoleon, perhaps, was one of the most prominent, and powerful leaders of all time. Napoleon's childhood was a very troublesome one. He was always getting into trouble. When he was a little boy, ?He was always hitting people and biting them? (Komroff 15). Since Napoleon was always causing problems, he was sent to a girl school by his mother hoping that this experience would change his attitude (Komroff 15). This however, did not work, so he was sent to a Jesuit school with his eldest brother, Joseph (Komroff 15). While Napoleon was in the Jesuit school, he was an excellent student. Several years later when he was sent to military school at the age of fifteen, he was still an outstanding student and ?Remembered everything he was told? (Komroff 17). At the age of fifteen, Napoleon was already ?Showing great prominence as a military leader? and when he turned sixteen ?He graduated with honors and was appointed the rank of lieutenant? at his military school (Komroff 20). Napoleon had a big family. There were ten people in his family and seven of them were brothers and sisters (Ludwig 7). Life was very hard for Napoleon and his family, simply because there were so many mouths to feed and not enough money (Ludwig 7). Therefore, life was very harsh for young Napoleon. He was always being ?Mocked and teased because of his poverty? (Ludwig 7). Just after Napoleon graduated second lieutenant in the regiment of La Fe're, his father got really sick with cancer and was taken to the medical center Montpellier where his father was treated for ?Any last hope in life? (Guerard 9). But the efforts were not enough. Carlo Buonaparte died on February 24, 1785 (Guerard 9). During this crucial time, Napoleon's family was going through various changes. His eldest brother Joseph was leaving the church for the army, and his other brother Lucien, was leaving the military to join the seminary at Aix (Guerard 9). The only person who seemed to be making any wise decisions, was his sister Eliza. Eliza had been accepted at Saint Cyr, a school which had been created for the daughters of the impoverished aristocracy (Guerard 9). At this school, Eliza would not only receive a great education, but she would also receive three thousand francs, and a trosseau (Guerard 9). The rest of Napoleon's family were the youngest, Louise, Pauline, Caroline, and Jerome. They were left under the care of his widowed mother (Guerard 9). But Napoleon would not leave his family in their present condition. He ignored the fact that his eldest brother had the right to take over the family, and he ?Appointed himself head of the family? shortly after the demise of his father (Guerard 9). Napoleon's military career basically started when he was only sixteen. When he was sixteen, he ?Graduated military school with the rank of lieutenant? (Komroff 20). Napoleon achieved this feat after only being in the military school for one year (Komroff 20). Napoleon gained his chance in the spotlight when the French Revolution began. On July 14, 1789 when the Bastille was stormed, Napoleon was sent to various parts of France to help calm down the riots (Komroff 20). This happened only three years after Napoleon's graduation, he was nineteen. By the time Napoleon was 26, he was ?Already Commander in Chief of the Army of the Interior and was known world wide? (Komroff 25). Throughout his career and life, Napoleon encountered many women, but none compared to his first love, Josephine. Josephine Tascher de la Pagerie was ?A lazy, cold-hearted, empty-headed person?, but she was also very kind (Guerard 23). Her kindness was what attracted Napoleon. They were both married on March 9, 1796, only by the civil court, the did not have a religious ceremony (Guerard 23). When they got married, ?Napoleon was 27 and Josephine was 33 years old?, even though she lied and said she was 29 (Guerard 23). On May 18, 1804, Napoleon ?Was proclaimed the

Does the Internet bring greater freedom and democracy to the PRC essay part 2

Does the Internet bring greater freedom and democracy to the PRC essay part 2 Does the Internet bring greater freedom and democracy to the PRC? essay part 2 Does the Internet bring greater freedom and democracy to the PRC? essay part 2  Does the Internet bring greater freedom and democracy to the PRC? essay part  1SECTION 2. Studies of Internet freedom and democracy2.1. Interconnection of information technology democracy. The positive aspectThe achievements in information technology and the development of democracy are of great interest for contemporary researchers and politics. The main task that confronts those who seek to establish this relationship is to find an answer to the question: Does the information technology promote the development of democracy? There are scientists, whose answer is positive. Many researchers tend to believe that democracy and information technology work closely together and add each other. Arguments about the development of information technology and democracy are considered from three positions. The link between advances in information technology (IT) and the development of democracy has become an incr easingly important research agenda among scholars and policy makers. Most studies are based on developed Western democracies, and their main concern is whether IT is capable of promoting and improving the functioning of the existing democracies. Optimistic scholars have argued that a positive link exists between IT and democratic improvement (Zheng Wu, 2005). First theory is the modernization theory, which prevailed in 1950-1960-s, when the Internet was just appearing. At this time, democracy needs a certain economics, sociology; information preconditions get their development through economic growth, industrialization, urbanization and education. Robert Dahl (1971) examines the development and spread of information technology as a useful, and an efficient process in the way of providing the guarantees of democracy (Zheng Wu, 2005). In a second aspect, some scholars have focused on communication and social political sphere and information technology, explaining that information t echnology is a powerful stimulant for the development of civil society and the public sphere. And according to the third position, information technologies give citizens access to political resources, thereby increasing their political participation in a democratic environment (Zheng Wu, 2005).2.2. Internet and democracy the negative aspect of the influenceIn the case of an authoritarian China, scientists have discovered that the Internet can be positioned as an insurmountable threat to the authoritarian regime of the country. Such a threat is possible through the Internet in civil society (Zheng Wu, 2005). At the same time, some researchers, such as Lawrence Lessig (1999), are quite pessimistic about the impact of the Internet on democracy. In particular, Lawrence Lessig argues that the fact that the government can definitely control the Internet, controlling its source code and creating a legal environment does not mean anything good.   It is believed that politically decentr alizing capacities of IT can be overcome by traditional organizational interests, and traditional media firms are succeeding in colonizing new IT (Zheng Wu, 2005).Various human rights organizations of the Western European countries are against the Internet censorship in China. For example, the situation in 2005: an association Reporters without Borders blamed the owners of Internet portal Yahoo! that they have allowed the Chinese authorities to trace the way of letters, which the journalist Shi Tao sent from the mailbox hosted on this portal. In 2006, the Committee of Journalists Protection and the Reporters without Borders again accused corporation Yahoo! for providing data to the Chinese authorities. In that case, it was the employee of the city administration Dazhou Li Zhi, who was sentenced to prison for eight years for having repeatedly stated his political views on public sites and talked with dissidents by email. In May 2011, the Human Rights Law Foundation filed suit to the District Court for the Northern District of California, in which it accused a major American manufacturer of networking equipment Cisco System Company in promoting the Golden Shield. Also, the representatives of Cisco filed suit called totally unfounded and assured that the company has never been involved in the creation of such solutions for the Chinese government and their support. In May 2011, the U.S. State Department has decided to allocate funds for the development of new technologies that would circumvent Internet censorship in China. The new technology will track the material to which access is prohibited, and will purposefully convey them to the public on their own.ConclusionIn China, the Internet is a free zone only in theory, but in reality people have a variety of duties and have to reckon with the restrictions imposed on the use of web controlling bodies. Opinions of experts in assessing the usefulness of existing systems differ: some say that Internet censorship on a national scale is unacceptable; others point out that the traditions of china differ from Western, and most Chinese do not see in these prohibitions anything strange and abnormal. I believe that the Internet should be open and free, but at the same time I can not disagree with the fact that we need to put into consideration the culture of the people, and if necessary, adjust the work of local sites in accordance with the laws, regulations and constraints in the country where they are.